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Rate of reaction definition SABIS Grade 10 SABIS ​ The phrase “rate of reaction” means how fast is the reaction or the speed of the reaction.

Heating Stage ​ ​ The portion of the curve where the substance is being heated, resulting in an increase in temperature and average kinetic energy of the particles.

Potassium reacts with hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine to form white solids. Grade 10 SABIS ​

Conservation of Molecules Grade 10 SABIS SABIS In chemical reactions, the number of molecules remains conserved. This means that the total number of molecules before and after the reaction remains the same.

Any reaction or process that consumes heat energy Grade 10 SABIS SABIS Endothermic

comparing physical and chemical changes ​ ​ Physical Change Does not produce a new kind of matter Is generally easily reversible Is not accompanied by great heat change Does not produce an observable change in mass Chemical Change Always produces a new kind of matter Is generally not easily reversible Is usually accompanied by considerable heat change Produces an observable change in mass Some examples of physical changes include: Melting ice Boiling water Cutting paper Crushing a rock Mixing salt and water Some examples of chemical changes include: Burning wood Cooking food Rusting iron Digesting food Brewing beer

< Back Fuels and Petroleum Exploring the World of Fossil Fuels: Names, Extraction, and Uses of Petroleum Fractions Files Download DAY 1,2 The 60-Day IGCSE Organic Chemistry Challenge .pdf Download PDF • 25.65MB DAY 3 The 60-Day IGCSE Organic Chemistry Challenge .pdf Download PDF • 4.58MB Notes Topic Exercise Answers Hw fuels unanswered_230330_144316 .pdf Download PDF • 9.36MB Fuels HW The 60-Day IGCSE Organic Chemistry Challenge .pdf Download PDF • 8.24MB Videos Previous Next

Graphical Interpretation ​ ​ The representation of Boyle's Law on a graph, showing the inverse relationship between volume and pressure for a gas.

The Maxwell-Boltzman curve can be used to explain the effect of temperature on reaction rates. Grade 10 SABIS ​

Fission Reaction Grade 10 SABIS ​ A fission reaction is a type of nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy. This process is the basis of nuclear power and atomic bombs. To understand fission reactions, let's consider an everyday example: splitting wood logs for a fire. When you use an axe or a saw to split a large log into smaller pieces, you're performing a physical fission-like process. The energy applied to the log is released as the wood splits into two or more pieces. In nuclear fission, the nucleus of an atom, such as uranium or plutonium, is bombarded with a neutron. This causes the nucleus to become unstable and split into two smaller nuclei, known as fission fragments. Along with the fission fragments, several high-energy neutrons are released. Analogously, think of a pinata filled with candy. When it is struck with a stick, the pinata splits open, releasing a shower of candies. The initial impact destabilizes the pinata, leading to the breakage and subsequent release of energy (candies) and smaller fragments. The energy released during a fission reaction is immense. It's like a powerful explosion that can generate heat, light, and shockwaves. In nuclear power plants, controlled fission reactions are used to produce heat, which then converts water into steam, driving turbines to generate electricity. Another example of fission reactions is the sun's energy production. In the sun's core, hydrogen nuclei undergo a series of fusion reactions, combining to form helium nuclei. This fusion process releases an enormous amount of energy, providing heat and light to our planet. In nuclear reactors, such as those used for generating electricity, fission reactions are carefully controlled to sustain a chain reaction. The released neutrons from one fission reaction can trigger subsequent fission reactions in other nuclei, leading to a continuous release of energy. However, it's important to note that fission reactions can also have negative consequences if not properly controlled. Uncontrolled fission reactions can lead to nuclear meltdowns or atomic bombs, where an enormous amount of energy is released in an uncontrolled and destructive manner. In summary, fission reactions involve the splitting of atomic nuclei, releasing a significant amount of energy. Examples like splitting wood logs, breaking a pinata, nuclear power plants, and the sun's energy production help illustrate the concept of fission reactions and the release of energy through controlled nuclear processes. Understanding fission reactions is crucial for both harnessing nuclear energy for peaceful purposes and ensuring the safe handling of nuclear materials.

Equations with Fractional Coefficients Grade 10 SABIS SABIS Cannot be read in terms of molecules

Effect of changing pressure on rate of reaction: Grade 10 SABIS ​ if one or more of the reactants are gaseous, an increase in pressure will increase their concentration. Increasing the concentration, increases the number of particles in a given volume thus the reacting particles will collide more frequently so the number of collisions will increase per unit time, thus rate of reaction increases. Pressure can be increased by either injecting more gas or by decreasing the volume of vessel in which the reaction is occurring.