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11. Vaporization of ethanol Endothermic Grade 10 SABIS SABIS

< Back Atomic Structure Lesson 6 ⚛️ Lesson 6 ⚛️ This quiz tests your knowledge of atomic structure, radii, and isotopes. Answer multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank questions to demonstrate your understanding of these concepts and their significance in the world of chemistry. Good luck! 🧪🔬 Previous Next ⚛️Small Quiz Lesson 6⚛️ 🌱 1. What is the smallest part of an element that can participate in chemical reactions? 🤔 a) Neutron b) ⚛️ Proton c) ⚡️ Electron d) 🔬 Isotope 🌌 2. Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom? 📍 a) In the 🌑 nucleus b) In the electron cloud ☁️ c) In the orbitals 🌐 d) In the shells 🐚 ⚡️ 3. What is the charge of an electron? ⚡️ a) Positive ➕ b) Negative ➖ c) Neutral ⚖️ d) Variable 🔄 🎭 4. What do we call the particles that an atom is made up of? 🎭 a) Electrons 💫 b) Protons ⚛️ c) Neutrons 🌌 d) Isotopes 🔬 Fill in the Blanks: 💫 5. Electrons have __________ mass compared to protons and neutrons. Answer: 🌌 Negligible/lightweight 🌌 6. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of __________. Answer: ⚛️ Protons 🌍 7. When it comes to chemical properties, isotopes of the same element exhibit strikingly similar behaviors due to the identical number of __________ in their outer shells. Answer: Electrons 📏 8. The atomic radius is half the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms and measures the __________ of an atom. Answer: Size 🧩 9. Atomic radii generally decrease as you move across each Period of the Periodic Table due to the increasing number of __________. Answer: Protons 🔄 10. If an atom loses electrons to become a positively charged ion (cation), its ionic radius __________. Answer: Decreases Keep up the great work with your learning journey! 🌟🔬💡 Multiple Choice Questions: 🌌 11. What creates an electric field that influences the movement of charged particles? a) 🧲 Magnetic fields b) 🌪️ Gravitational fields c) 🔋 Charged plates d) 🌈 Rainbow fields 🔬 12. What determines the identity of an element? a) Atomic mass b) Number of electrons c) Atomic number d) Number of neutrons 💪 13. What is the role of electrons in chemical reactions? a) Stabilizing the nucleus b) Determining the mass of the atom c) Participating in bonding d) Influencing the atomic radius 🌌 14. What happens to the charge of an atom if it loses an electron? a) Becomes positively charged b) Becomes negatively charged c) Remains neutral d) Varies depending on the atom 🌟 15. What are the charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons, respectively? a) +1, -1, 0 b) 0, +1, -1 c) +1, 0, -1 d) -1, 0, +1 Fill in the Blanks: ⚖️ 16. The number of neutrons in an atom can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the __________. Answer: Mass number 🔍 17. In an electric field, electrons are deflected __________ from the negative plate and toward the positive plate. Answer: 🌪️ Away 🧪 18. An element has a mass number of 63 and 29 protons. The number of neutrons in this element is __________. Answer: 34 🌠 19. The atomic number determines the position of an element in the __________. Answer: Periodic table 🌆 20. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose __________. Answer: Electrons 🌌 21. Neutrons remain __________ by the charged plates in an electric field due to their neutral nature. Answer: 👏 Unaffected ⚛️ 22. Copper has an atomic number of 29. How many protons does a copper atom have? Answer: 29 📚 23. What do we call the particles that an atom is made up of? Answer: Subatomic particles 🌟 24. The electron's movement in an electric field showcases its __________ charge and small mass. Answer: 💫 Negative 💥 25. The number of protons (and electrons in a neutral atom) in an element with atomic number 17 is __________. Answer: 17 Great job so far! Keep up the momentum and continue exploring the fascinating world of atoms and their structures! 🚀🔭 Multiple Choice Questions: ⚛️ 26. What determines the identity of an element? a) Atomic radius b) Number of neutrons c) Mass number d) Atomic number 🌌 27. How does the arrangement of electrons impact the chemical properties of an atom? a) It determines the atomic mass. b) It affects the atomic radius. c) It determines the number of protons. d) It influences bonding and reactivity. 📚 28. What is the term for protons and neutrons together? a) Nucleons b) Ions c) Isotopes d) Electrons 💡 29. How can we calculate the number of neutrons in an atom? a) By subtracting the mass number from the atomic number. b) By adding the atomic number to the mass number. c) By subtracting the number of protons from the mass number. d) By adding the number of protons to the atomic number. ⚡ 30. What is the space called that electrons move around in, outside the nucleus? a) Electron cloud b) Orbital c) Nucleus d) Valence shell Fill in the Blanks: 🌈 31. The atomic number tells us the number of __________ in the nucleus of an atom. Answer: Protons ⚛️ 32. If an atom gains an electron, it becomes __________ charged because electrons carry a negative charge. Answer: Negatively 💪 33. The number of __________ determines the position of an element in the periodic table. Answer: Protons (atomic number) 🔬 34. The number of neutrons in an atom can be calculated by subtracting the __________ from the mass number. Answer: Atomic number 💫 35. Electrons have __________ mass compared to protons and neutrons. Answer: Negligible/lightweight 🌟 36. The atomic radius is half the distance between the nuclei of two __________ atoms bonded together. Answer: Identical/same ⚖️ 37. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of __________. Answer: Protons 🌌 38. What is the charge of a neutral atom? Answer: Neutral/zero/0 🎭 39. Neutrons contribute to the __________ of an atom without affecting its charge. Answer: Mass 🌆 40. Atoms get adventurous and become charged cities called __________. Answer: Ions Fantastic progress! You're doing a great job exploring the intricate details of atomic structure. Let's continue uncovering more about atoms, their properties, and their behavior! 🧪🌟 Multiple Choice Questions: 🌟 41. What resides in the nucleus and holds nearly all of the atom's mass? a) Electrons b) Neutrons c) Protons d) Isotopes 🔋 42. What creates an electric field that influences the movement of charged particles? a) Atomic radius b) Neutrons c) Protons d) Charged plates 🌍 43. What causes the atomic radius to decrease as you travel across each Period in the periodic table? a) Increasing number of protons b) Increasing number of neutrons c) Increasing number of electrons d) Increasing number of shells ⚡ 44. If an atom loses electrons to become a positively charged ion, what happens to its ionic radius? a) It increases b) It decreases c) It remains the same d) It becomes neutral 🎯 45. What do isotopes of the same element share? a) Same number of protons and electrons b) Same number of neutrons and electrons c) Same number of protons and neutrons d) Same atomic mass Fill in the Blanks: 💥 46. The atomic radius generally __________ as you travel down each Group in the periodic table. Answer: Increases/grows/get larger 🌌 47. Atomic radii generally __________ as you travel across each Period in the periodic table. Answer: Decrease/get smaller 🔄 48. An atom becomes a positively charged ion (cation) when it loses __________. Answer: Electrons 🔄 49. An atom becomes a negatively charged ion (anion) when it gains __________. Answer: Electrons 🗺️ 50. Atomic and ionic radii offer a sort of "map" to the __________ of atoms and ions. Answer: Universe/microcosm/realm Well done! You're making great progress in understanding atomic structure, radii, and the behavior of atoms and ions. Keep up the fantastic work, and let's continue exploring the fascinating world of chemistry together! 🌌🧪🌟

< Back Chapter 9 Prerequisite ​ ​ Previous Next 🌟📘 Prerequisites for Chapter 9: Rate of Reaction 📘🌟Before diving into Chapter 9, which deals with the rate of reaction, students must have a solid understanding of the following concepts:🔬 1. Basic Chemistry Concepts 🧪Understand atoms, molecules, ions, and chemical reactions.🔬 2. Collision Theory 💥Understand that reactions occur when particles collide with sufficient energy and proper orientation.🔬 3. Activation Energy 🚀Understand the concept of activation energy as the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur.🔬 4. Factors Affecting Reaction Rates 📈Understand how temperature, concentration, surface area, and catalysts affect reaction rates.🌟 20 Multiple Choice Questions for Chapter 9: Rate of Reaction 🌟What is the term for how fast reactants are consumed or products are formed in a chemical reaction? a) Reaction rate b) Activation energy c) Equilibrium constant d) EnthalpyAccording to collision theory, what must occur for a reaction to take place? a) Particles must collide with sufficient energy and proper orientation. b) Particles must collide with low energy. c) Particles must avoid colliding. d) Particles must collide with any orientation.What is the term for the minimum energy that reacting particles must have to form the activated complex? a) Reaction rate b) Activation energy c) Equilibrium constant d) EnthalpyHow does increasing the temperature affect the rate of a chemical reaction? a) Increases the rate. b) Decreases the rate. c) Does not affect the rate. d) May increase or decrease the rate.How does increasing the concentration of reactants affect the rate of a chemical reaction? a) Increases the rate. b) Decreases the rate. c) Does not affect the rate. d) May increase or decrease the rate.What is the term for a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed? a) Inhibitor b) Catalyst c) Solvent d) ReactantHow does increasing the surface area of a solid reactant affect the rate of a chemical reaction? a) Increases the rate. b) Decreases the rate. c) Does not affect the rate. d) May increase or decrease the rate.What is the term for the highest point on the reaction path where bonds are breaking and new bonds are forming? a) Activated complex b) Transition state c) Reaction intermediate d) Both a and bHow does adding a catalyst affect the activation energy of a reaction? a) Increases activation energy. b) Decreases activation energy. c) Does not affect activation energy. d) Destroys activation energy.What is the effect of a catalyst on the rate of a reaction? a) Increases the rate. b) Decreases the rate. c) Does not affect the rate. d) May increase or decrease the rate.In the rate expression rate = k[A][B], what does k represent? a) Rate of reaction b) Activation energy c) Rate constant d) Concentration of reactantsHow does increasing the pressure affect the rate of a reaction involving gases? a) Increases the rate. b) Decreases the rate. c) Does not affect the rate. d) May increase or decrease the rate.What is the term for a graph that shows the change in concentration of reactants or products over time? a) Reaction coordinate diagram b) Reaction rate graph c) Concentration-time graph d) Activation energy graphWhat is the term for a short-lived, high-energy arrangement of atoms during a chemical reaction? a) Activated complex b) Transition state c) Reaction intermediate d) CatalystHow does the presence of a catalyst affect the position of equilibrium in a reaction? a) Shifts it to the right. b) Shifts it to the left. c) Does not change the position. d) Destroys the equilibrium.What is the term for the number of collisions per second between the reactant molecules? a) Collision frequency b) Reaction rate c) Activation energy d) Rate constantWhat is the effect of an inhibitor on the rate of a reaction? a) Increases the rate. b) Decreases the rate. c) Does not affect the rate. d) May increase or decrease the rate.In the reaction A -> B, if the concentration of A decreases linearly over time, what is the order of the reaction? a) Zero order b) First order c) Second order d) Third orderWhat is the term for a substance that slows down the rate of a chemical reaction? a) Inhibitor b) Catalyst c) Solvent d) ReactantIn a first-order reaction, how does the rate of reaction depend on the concentration of the reactant? a) Rate is proportional to the square of the concentration. b) Rate is inversely proportional to the concentration. c) Rate is proportional to the concentration. d) Rate is independent of the concentration.🌟 Answers 🌟a) Reaction ratea) Particles must collide with sufficient energy and proper orientation.b) Activation energya) Increases the rate.a) Increases the rate.b) Catalysta) Increases the rate.d) Both a and bb) Decreases activation energy.a) Increases the rate.c) Rate constanta) Increases the rate.c) Concentration-time grapha) Activated complexc) Does not change the position.a) Collision frequencyb) Decreases the rate.b) First ordera) Inhibitorc) Rate is proportional to the concentration.

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< Back A level Hydroxy compounds ​ ​ Previous Next

Generally, reactions with low activation energy tend to be fast Grade 10 SABIS ​

Crush some salt crystals into a powder Grade 10 SABIS SABIS Physical

Heating a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen until it “pops”, and then cooling the gases to a liquid Grade 10 SABIS SABIS Chemical

Gay-Lussac Law of Combining Volumes ​ ​ Lesson: Gay-Lussac Law of Combining Volumes Introduction: 📚 In this lesson, we will explore the Gay-Lussac Law of Combining Volumes. This law describes the relationship between the volumes of gases involved in a chemical reaction. Let's dive in!Gay-Lussac Law of Combining Volumes: ✨ The Gay-Lussac Law states that the volumes of gases involved in a chemical reaction, when measured at the same temperature and pressure, are always in simple whole-number ratios. 🔬 Let's consider a simple example to understand this law better. Example 1: 🔎 Imagine a reaction between hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) to form water vapor (H2O). According to the Gay-Lussac Law, the volumes of hydrogen and oxygen gases will have a simple whole-number ratio. 👉 If we have 2 volumes of hydrogen gas reacting with 1 volume of oxygen gas, the resulting reaction will produce 2 volumes of water vapor. 🔢 In terms of the volumes: 2 volumes H2 + 1 volume O2 → 2 volumes H2O Example 2: 🔎 Let's consider another example involving nitrogen gas (N2) and hydrogen gas (H2) reacting to form ammonia gas (NH3) .👉 According to the Gay-Lussac Law, the volumes of nitrogen and hydrogen gases will have a simple whole-number ratio. 🔢 If we have 1 volume of nitrogen gas reacting with 3 volumes of hydrogen gas, the resulting reaction will produce 2 volumes of ammonia gas. 🔢 In terms of the volumes: 1 volume N2 + 3 volumes H2 → 2 volumes NH3 🔁 The key idea here is that the volumes of gases in a chemical reaction are proportional and can be expressed in simple whole-number ratios.Quiz: Gay-Lussac Law of Combining Volumes A real-life example that can help illustrate the concept of the Gay-Lussac Law of Combining Volumes is the inflation of a balloon. When you blow air into a balloon, the volume of the balloon increases. The amount of air you blow into the balloon represents the volume of the gas. The Gay-Lussac Law states that when gases react, they do so in ratios of small whole numbers. In the case of inflating a balloon, the volume of the balloon expands as the gas particles inside it combine and react according to the law. This real-life example demonstrates how the volume of a gas can change as it reacts and combines with other gases. Question 1: According to the Gay-Lussac Law of Combining Volumes, the volumes of gases involved in a chemical reaction are always in: a) Complex fractions b) Simple whole-number ratios c) Decimal ratios d) Random order Question 2: When 2 volumes of hydrogen gas react with 1 volume of oxygen gas, the resulting reaction will produce how many volumes of water vapor? a) 1 volume b) 2 volumes c) 3 volumes d) 4 volumesQuestion 3: If 1 volume of nitrogen gas reacts with 3 volumes of hydrogen gas, how many volumes of ammonia gas will be produced? a) 1 volume b) 2 volumes c) 3 volumes d) 4 volumes Question 4: The Gay-Lussac Law of Combining Volumes applies when the gases are measured at the same: a) Temperature and pressure b) Temperature and volume c) Pressure and volume d) Temperature, pressure, and volume Question 5: The Gay-Lussac Law of Combining Volumes states that the volumes of gases involved in a chemical reaction are in: a) Complex ratios b) Random ratios c) Whole-number ratios d) Fractional ratios Answers: b) Simple whole-number ratios b) 2 volumes b) 2 volumes a) Temperature and pressure c) Whole-number ratios 🎉 Congratulations on completing the quiz! You have learned about the Gay-Lussac Law of Combining Volumes and its application in understanding the volumes of gases involved in chemical reactions. Keep up the great work!

Endothermic Reaction Grade 10 SABIS SABIS Is a reaction which absorbs heat from the surrounding. As heat is absorbed, the temperature of the surrounding decreases. Decomposition reactions like electrolysis of water, heating a substance, melting, vaporization and sublimation are examples of endothermic processes

< Back Atomic Structure Lesson 7 ⚛️ Lesson 7 ⚛️ Section Test 1 , Test 2 Previous Next Quiz 1 : Atomic Structure, Isotopes, and Subatomic Particles 1️⃣ Boron is an element in Group 13 of the Periodic Table. a) Define the term "isotope." 🌟 b) Provide the number of i) protons, ii) neutrons, and iii) electrons in one neutral atom of the isotope 11B. 🧪 c) State the relative masses and charges of: i) an electron 🌌 ii) a neutron 🌌 iii) a proton 🌌 2️⃣ Zirconium (Zr) and hafnium (Hf) are metals. a) i) Write the isotopic symbol for the isotope of zirconium with 40 protons and 91 nucleons. 🌟 ii) How many neutrons are present in one atom of this isotope? 🌟 b) Hafnium ions, 18072Hf2+, are produced in a mass spectrometer. How many electrons are present in one of these hafnium ions? 🌟 c) Describe the behavior of a beam of protons passing through the gap between charged plates and explain what happens when a beam of neutrons passes through the same gap. 🌌 3️⃣ a) Describe the structure of an atom, including details of the subatomic particles present. 🌟 b) Explain the terms atomic number and nucleon number. 🌌 c) Copy and complete the table: Neutral atom | Atomic number | Nucleon number | Numbers of each subatomic particle present Mg | 12 | 24 | Al | 13 | 27 | d) Explain why atoms are neutral. 🌌 e) Explain why an oxygen atom cannot have 9 protons. 🌌 f) Explain why electrons are not used when calculating the relative mass of an atom. 🌌 4️⃣ The symbols below describe two isotopes of the element uranium. 235 92U 238 92U a) Define the term "isotope." 🌟 b) i) In what ways are these two isotopes of uranium identical? 🌟 ii) In what ways do they differ? 🌟 c) State the number of electrons present in one U2+ ion. 🌌 5️⃣ The table below shows the two naturally occurring isotopes of chlorine. a) Copy and complete the table: 35 17Cl 37 17Cl number of protons | number of electrons | number of neutrons | b) Based on the relative atomic mass of chlorine (35.5), what can you infer about the relative abundance of the two naturally occurring isotopes of chlorine? 🌟 c) i) Explain why a magnesium ion is positively charged. 🌌 ii) Explain why a chloride ion has a single negative charge. 🌌 Note: 🌟 indicates questions with fill-in-the-blank format, and 🌌 indicates multiple-choice questions. Good luck! 🧪🔬 Answers 1️⃣ Boron is an element in Group 13 of the Periodic Table. a) The term "isotope" refers to different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. b) i) Protons: 5, ii) Neutrons: 6, iii) Electrons: 5. 2️⃣ Zirconium (Zr) and hafnium (Hf) are metals. a) i) The isotopic symbol for the isotope of zirconium with 40 protons and 91 nucleons is 9123Zr. ii) The number of neutrons in one atom of this isotope is 51. b) The hafnium ion (18072Hf2+) contains 68 electrons. c) - i) The beam of protons passing through the gap between the charged plates is deflected towards the negative plate due to the electric field. ii) When a beam of neutrons passes through the gap between the charged plates, it remains unaffected as neutrons are neutral particles. 3️⃣ a) The structure of an atom consists of subatomic particles: protons and neutrons located in the nucleus, and electrons orbiting the nucleus. b) - Atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. Nucleon number (mass number) represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. c) Neutral atom | Atomic number | Nucleon number | Numbers of each subatomic particle present Mg | 12 | 24 | 12 protons, 12 neutrons, 12 electrons Al | 13 | 27 | 13 protons, 14 neutrons, 13 electrons d) Atoms are neutral because they have an equal number of protons and electrons, resulting in a net charge of zero. e) An oxygen atom cannot have 9 protons because the number of protons determines the element's identity, and oxygen is defined by having 8 protons. f) Electrons are not used when calculating the relative mass of an atom because their mass is significantly smaller compared to protons and neutrons. Their contribution to the total mass is negligible. 4️⃣ The symbols below describe two isotopes of the element uranium. 235 92U 238 92U a) The term "isotope" refers to different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. b) - i) These two isotopes of uranium are identical in terms of the number of protons (92) and the chemical properties. ii) They differ in terms of their mass number (235 and 238) and the number of neutrons. c) One U2+ ion has 90 electrons. 5️⃣ The table below shows the two naturally occurring isotopes of chlorine. a) 35 17Cl 37 17Cl number of protons | 17 | 17 number of electrons | 17 | 17 number of neutrons | 18 | 20 b) The relative atomic mass of 35.5 suggests that the two isotopes of chlorine have approximately equal abundance. c) - i) A magnesium ion is positively charged because it has lost two electrons, resulting in more protons than electrons. ii) A chloride ion has a single negative charge because it has gained one electron, resulting in more electrons than protons. Well done on completing the quiz! Keep up the great work! 🔬🎉 Quiz 2 : Atomic Structure, Isotopes, and Subatomic Particles 1️⃣ Boron is an element in Group 13 of the Periodic Table. a) Boron has two isotopes. 🔄❓ What do you understand by the term isotope ? [1] b) State the number of: i) protons, ii) neutrons, and iii) electrons in one neutral atom of the isotope 11 5B. [3] c) State the relative masses and charges of: i) an electron, ii) a neutron, and iii) a proton. [2] 2️⃣ Zirconium, Zr, and hafnium, Hf, are metals. An isotope of zirconium has 40 protons and 91 nucleons. ⚛️❓ a) i) Write the isotopic symbol for this isotope of zirconium. [1] ii) How many neutrons are present in one atom of this isotope? [1] b) Hafnium ions, 18072Hf2+ , are produced in a mass spectrometer. How many electrons are present in one of these hafnium ions? [1] c) The subatomic particles present in zirconium and hafnium are electrons, neutrons, and protons. A beam of protons is fired into an electric field produced by two charged plates, as shown in the diagram below: ) Describe how the beam of protons behaves when it passes through the gap between the charged plates. Explain your answer. [2] ii) Describe and explain what happens when a beam of neutrons passes through the gap between the charged plates. [2] 3️⃣ a) Describe the structure of an atom, giving details of the subatomic particles present. 🏢🔬 [6] b) Explain the terms: Atomic number, and Nucleon number. [2] c) Copy and complete the table: d) Explain why atoms are neutral. [1] e) An oxygen atom has 8 protons in its nucleus. Explain why it cannot have 9 protons. [1] f) When calculating the relative mass of an atom, the electrons are not used in the calculation. Explain why not. [1] 4️⃣ The symbols below describe two isotopes of the element uranium. 235 92U 238 92 U a) State the meaning of the term isotope . [1] b) i) In what ways are these two isotopes of uranium identical? [2] ii) In what ways do they differ? [2] c) In a mass spectrometer, uranium atoms can be converted to uranium ions, U2+ . State the number of electrons present in one U2+ ion. [1] 5️⃣ The table below shows the two naturally occurring isotopes of chlorine. a) Copy and complete the table: b) The relative atomic mass of chlorine is 35.5. What does this tell you about the relative abundance of the two naturally occurring isotopes of chlorine? [2] c) Magnesium chloride contains magnesium ions, Mg2+ , and chloride ions, Cl– . i) Explain why a magnesium ion is positively charged. [1] ii) Explain why a chloride ion has a single negative charge. [2] Total = 50 🌟 ✨ Quiz Answers: ✨ 1a) Isotope refers to different forms of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. 1b) i) Protons: 5, ii) Neutrons: 6, iii) Electrons: 5 1c) i) Electron: Relative mass = 1/1837 amu, Charge = -1 e ii) Neutron: Relative mass = 1 amu, Charge = 0 iii) Proton: Relative mass = 1 amu, Charge = +1 e 2a) i) 91Zr ii) Neutrons: 51 2b) Electrons: 72 2c) i) The beam of protons is deflected towards the negatively charged plate due to their positive charge. ii) Neutrons are electrically neutral, so they are not affected by the electric field and continue on a straight path. 3a) An atom consists of a nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) surrounded by electrons in energy levels or shells. 3b) - Atomic number: Number of protons in an atom's nucleus. - Nucleon number: Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. 3c) e) The number of protons determines the identity of an element. Changing the number of protons would result in a different element. f) Relative mass calculations focus on the mass of the nucleus, which is primarily determined by protons and neutrons. Electrons contribute negligible mass. 4a) Isotope refers to different forms of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. 4b) i) Both isotopes have the same number of protons (92) and belong to the element uranium. ii) They differ in the number of neutrons: Uranium-235 has 143 neutrons, while uranium-238 has 146 neutrons. 4c) U2+ ion has 90 electrons. 5a) | | 35 | 17 Cl | 37 | 17 b) The relative atomic mass of 35.5 indicates that there is a mixture of the two isotopes of chlorine, with a higher abundance of the isotope with a mass number of 35.c) i) A magnesium ion is positively charged because it has lost two electrons, resulting in a net positive charge. ii) A chloride ion has a single negative charge because it has gained one electron, resulting in a net negative charge.I hope you enjoyed the quiz! 🎉

< Back Previous Next Notes : ​ 1.1 States Of Matter 1.2 Changes in States of Matter ​ 1.3 Heating Curve 1.4 Diffusion 1.1 States Of Matter Notes : ​ State the distinguishing properties of solids liquids and gases ​ Matter in all states is made up of particles ​ Particles forming matter can be represented by small solid spheres. Back to Chapter 1 Menu Solid particles : have a regular arrangement and are close together They have a fixed pattern ; they only vibrate in their position. ​ Liquid particles : have a random arrangement they are close together They have no fixed pattern ; they slide past each other ​ Gas particles : have a random arrangement , they are far apart from each other and they have no fixed pattern or shape , they move rapidly and randomly. A Solid has a definite shape and volume but can not flow A Liquid has a definite volume but has no fixed shape as it takes the shape of the container and it can flow A Gas has no definite shape or volume , it can spread everywhere through the container