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A Balanced Equation Grade 10 SABIS SABIS A chemical equation in which the number of atoms of each element on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms of the same element on the product side.

Dissolving salt into water to make a solution Grade 10 SABIS SABIS Physical

Avogadro's number 🔹 Definition: Avogadro's number is the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions) present in one mole of any substance. It is approximately 6.02 × 10^23 particles per mole. 🧪🔢 By Italian chemist Amadeo Avogadro (1776-1856) ✨ Lesson: Avogadro's Number ✨ 🔬 Introduction: Avogadro's number is a crucial concept in chemistry that helps us bridge the gap between the microscopic world of atoms and molecules and the macroscopic world we observe. It allows us to quantify the vast number of particles in a substance and make meaningful calculations. Let's dive into Avogadro's number and its significance. 💡 Avogadro's Number: 🔹 Definition: Avogadro's number is the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions) present in one mole of any substance. It is approximately 6.02 × 10^23 particles per mole. 🧪🔢 🧪 Significance of Avogadro's Number: ✅ Counting Particles: Avogadro's number provides a way to count and quantify the immense number of particles in a sample. It allows us to relate macroscopic quantities, such as mass and volume, to the microscopic realm of atoms and molecules. 📊🌌 ✅ Mole-to-Particle Conversion: Avogadro's number enables us to convert between the number of moles and the number of particles in a substance. It acts as a bridge between the macroscopic and microscopic scales. 🧪⚖️ ✅ Universal Constant: Avogadro's number is a fundamental constant in chemistry, similar to other constants like the speed of light or Planck's constant. It plays a central role in many calculations and theories. 🔬🌍 🔍 Example: Let's consider carbon-12, an isotope of carbon. One mole of carbon-12 contains exactly 6.02 × 10^23 carbon atoms. This means that in 12 grams of carbon-12, there are 6.02 × 10^23 atoms. The same applies to any other substance; one mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number of particles. 📏🧪🌱 🧪 Quiz (Basic Understanding): 1️⃣ What is Avogadro's number? a) The number of particles in one mole of a substance. b) The mass of one mole of a substance. c) The ratio of moles to particles in a substance. 2️⃣ What is the approximate value of Avogadro's number? a) 6.02 × 10^23 b) 3.14 c) 1.99 × 10^8 3️⃣ What does Avogadro's number allow us to do? a) Count and quantify the number of particles in a substance. b) Calculate the atomic mass of an element. c) Convert between temperature units. 4️⃣ How many atoms are there in one mole of a substance? a) 1 atom b) 6.02 × 10^23 atoms c) 10 atoms 🔍 Answers: 1️⃣ a) The number of particles in one mole of a substance. 2️⃣ a) 6.02 × 10^23 3️⃣ a) Count and quantify the number of particles in a substance. 4️⃣ b) 6.02 × 10^23 atoms 🌟 Fantastic! You've gained a basic understanding of Avogadro's number and its importance in chemistry. Embrace the vastness of the microscopic world and continue exploring the incredible realm of atoms and molecules! 🧪🔬✨

Conservation of Atoms Grade 10 SABIS SABIS In chemical reactions, the number of atoms of each element in the reactants is equal to the number of atoms of the same element in the products.

Atoms or ions that have the same electron arrangement around their nuclei as the noble gases will be stable. Grade 10 SABIS

Recognize different formats of expressing heat of reaction Grade 10 SABIS The heat of reaction (∆H) represents the amount of heat energy gained or lost during a chemical reaction. It can be expressed in different formats depending on the specific information provided. Let's analyze each option and identify the equivalent equations for the given reaction: a) N2(g) + 2O2(g) → 2NO2(g) ΔH = +68 kJ: This equation is an equivalent representation of the given reaction. It explicitly states that the heat of reaction (∆H) is +68 kJ, indicating that the reaction releases 68 kJ of heat energy. c) 1⁄2N2(g) + O2(g) → NO2(g) ΔH = + 34 kJ: This equation is also an equivalent representation of the given reaction. It differs from the original equation by using the stoichiometric coefficients to balance the reaction. It shows that the heat of reaction (∆H) is +34 kJ, indicating the release of 34 kJ of heat energy. d) N2(g) + 2O2(g) → 2NO2(g) ΔH = +68 kJ/mol N2: This equation is another valid representation of the given reaction. It includes the molar quantity of nitrogen gas (N2) and specifies the heat of reaction (∆H) per mole of nitrogen gas. It indicates that for each mole of N2, the heat of reaction is +68 kJ. f) N2(g) + 2O2(g) → 2NO2(g) ΔH = +34 kJ/mol NO2: This equation is also an equivalent representation of the given reaction. It includes the molar quantity of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and specifies the heat of reaction (∆H) per mole of nitrogen dioxide. It indicates that for each mole of NO2, the heat of reaction is +34 kJ. The remaining options (b) and (e) are not equivalent to the given reaction: b) N2(g) + 2O2(g) → 2NO2(g) ΔH = -68 kJ: This equation incorrectly states that the heat of reaction (∆H) is -68 kJ, suggesting that the reaction absorbs 68 kJ of heat energy. This contradicts the given information of the reaction releasing heat energy. e) 1⁄2N2(g) + O2(g) → NO2(g) ΔH = −34 kJ: This equation incorrectly states that the heat of reaction (∆H) is -34 kJ, indicating that the reaction absorbs 34 kJ of heat energy. Again, this contradicts the given information of the reaction releasing heat energy. In summary, the equivalent equations to the given reaction N2(g) + 2O2(g) + 68 kJ → 2NO2(g) are options a), c), d), and f). These equations accurately represent the given reaction and provide information about the heat of reaction (∆H) in various formats, including the heat change per mole of N2 or NO2.

Absorbing Grade 10 SABIS SABIS Taking in, as in a reaction that absorbs heat is endothermic.

< Back Chapter 10 prerequisite Previous Next 🌈🌟📘 Prerequisites for Chapter 10: Periodicity 📘🌟🌈Before diving into 🚀 Chapter 10 , which deals with Periodicity , students must have a solid understanding of the following concepts:🔬 1. Basic Atomic Structure 🧪Understand protons, neutrons, and electrons.🔬 2. The Periodic Table 📊Be familiar with the layout of the periodic table and the properties of elements based on their position.🔬 3. Electron Configuration 🌀Understand how electrons are arranged in atoms.🔬 4. Trends in the Periodic Table 📈Understand the trends in atomic size, ionization energy, electronegativity, and metallic character.🌟 20 Multiple Choice Questions for Chapter 10: Periodicity 🌟What is the term for the repeating pattern of chemical properties in elements in the periodic table? a) Periodicity b) Atomicity c) Reactivity d) IsotopyAs you move from left to right across a period, what generally happens to the atomic size? a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains the same d) Increases then decreasesWhat is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom called? a) Electron affinity b) Ionization energy c) Electronegativity d) Atomic radiusWhich group of elements is known for being unreactive? a) Alkali metals b) Alkaline earth metals c) Halogens d) Noble gasesWhat is the term for the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond? a) Electron affinity b) Ionization energy c) Electronegativity d) Atomic radiusWhich element has the highest electronegativity? a) Fluorine b) Oxygen c) Nitrogen d) ChlorineAs you move down a group in the periodic table, what generally happens to the atomic size? a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains the same d) Increases then decreasesWhat is the term for the half the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms of the same element? a) Electron affinity b) Ionization energy c) Electronegativity d) Atomic radiusWhich group of elements is highly reactive and has one electron in their outermost energy level? a) Alkali metals b) Alkaline earth metals c) Halogens d) Noble gasesWhat is the general trend in ionization energy as you move from left to right across a period? a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains the same d) Increases then decreasesWhich element is located in Group 2 and Period 3 of the periodic table? a) Magnesium b) Calcium c) Sodium d) AluminumWhat is the general trend in electronegativity as you move down a group in the periodic table? a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains the same d) Increases then decreasesWhich element is known as the 'King of Chemicals' due to its high reactivity? a) Oxygen b) Fluorine c) Chlorine d) HydrogenWhat is the electron configuration of an atom in the noble gas group? a) Fully filled s and p subshells b) Half-filled s subshell c) Fully filled d subshell d) Half-filled p subshellWhich element has the lowest ionization energy? a) Helium b) Francium c) Fluorine d) CesiumWhat is the general trend in metallic character as you move from left to right across a period? a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains the same d) Increases then decreasesWhich element is a liquid at room temperature and is located in Group 17 of the periodic table? a) Bromine b) Iodine c) Fluorine d) ChlorineWhat is the term for the energy change when an electron is added to an atom? a) Electron affinity b) Ionization energy c) Electronegativity d) Atomic radiusWhich of the following elements is a metalloid? a) Silicon b) Sodium c) Sulfur d) SilverWhat is the general trend in atomic radius as you move down a group in the periodic table? a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains the same d) Increases then decreases🌈🌟 Answers 🌟🌈a) Periodicityb) Decreasesb) Ionization energyd) Noble gasesc) Electronegativitya) Fluorinea) Increasesd) Atomic radiusa) Alkali metalsa) Increasesa) Magnesiumb) Decreasesb) Fluorinea) Fully filled s and p subshellsb) Franciumb) Decreasesa) Brominea) Electron affinitya) Silicona) Increases

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Exothermic Reaction Grade 10 SABIS SABIS Is a reaction which releases heat to the surrounding. As heat is released, the temperature of the surrounding increases. Cooling a substance, freezing, condensation are examples of exothermic processes