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Air Composition Grade 10 SABIS SABIS

Molecules Grade 10 SABIS SABIS The smallest unit of a compound that retains the chemical properties of that compound, made up of two or more atoms bonded together.

Reaction of Alkali metals with chlorine. Grade 10 SABIS Generally: 2M (s) + Cl2(g) → 2MCl(s) alkali metal + chlorine → alkali metal chloride

The mechanism of a reaction cannot be deduced from net equation of the reaction. Grade 10 SABIS

Halogens: F2 (Z = 9), Cl2 (Z = 17), Br2 (Z = 35) and I2 (Z = 53). Grade 10 SABIS

Graphical Interpretation The representation of Boyle's Law on a graph, showing the inverse relationship between volume and pressure for a gas.

Cooling Stage The portion of the curve where the substance is being cooled, resulting in a decrease in temperature and average kinetic energy of the particles.

Iodine is shiny yet is a non-metal Grade 10 SABIS

Insoluble The inability of a substance to dissolve in a particular solvent, resulting in a heterogeneous mixture.

dm³ Grade 10 SABIS SABIS A unit of volume equal to one cubic decimeter, equivalent to 1 liter.

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Avogadro's number 🔹 Definition: Avogadro's number is the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions) present in one mole of any substance. It is approximately 6.02 × 10^23 particles per mole. 🧪🔢 By Italian chemist Amadeo Avogadro (1776-1856) ✨ Lesson: Avogadro's Number ✨ 🔬 Introduction: Avogadro's number is a crucial concept in chemistry that helps us bridge the gap between the microscopic world of atoms and molecules and the macroscopic world we observe. It allows us to quantify the vast number of particles in a substance and make meaningful calculations. Let's dive into Avogadro's number and its significance. 💡 Avogadro's Number: 🔹 Definition: Avogadro's number is the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions) present in one mole of any substance. It is approximately 6.02 × 10^23 particles per mole. 🧪🔢 🧪 Significance of Avogadro's Number: ✅ Counting Particles: Avogadro's number provides a way to count and quantify the immense number of particles in a sample. It allows us to relate macroscopic quantities, such as mass and volume, to the microscopic realm of atoms and molecules. 📊🌌 ✅ Mole-to-Particle Conversion: Avogadro's number enables us to convert between the number of moles and the number of particles in a substance. It acts as a bridge between the macroscopic and microscopic scales. 🧪⚖️ ✅ Universal Constant: Avogadro's number is a fundamental constant in chemistry, similar to other constants like the speed of light or Planck's constant. It plays a central role in many calculations and theories. 🔬🌍 🔍 Example: Let's consider carbon-12, an isotope of carbon. One mole of carbon-12 contains exactly 6.02 × 10^23 carbon atoms. This means that in 12 grams of carbon-12, there are 6.02 × 10^23 atoms. The same applies to any other substance; one mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number of particles. 📏🧪🌱 🧪 Quiz (Basic Understanding): 1️⃣ What is Avogadro's number? a) The number of particles in one mole of a substance. b) The mass of one mole of a substance. c) The ratio of moles to particles in a substance. 2️⃣ What is the approximate value of Avogadro's number? a) 6.02 × 10^23 b) 3.14 c) 1.99 × 10^8 3️⃣ What does Avogadro's number allow us to do? a) Count and quantify the number of particles in a substance. b) Calculate the atomic mass of an element. c) Convert between temperature units. 4️⃣ How many atoms are there in one mole of a substance? a) 1 atom b) 6.02 × 10^23 atoms c) 10 atoms 🔍 Answers: 1️⃣ a) The number of particles in one mole of a substance. 2️⃣ a) 6.02 × 10^23 3️⃣ a) Count and quantify the number of particles in a substance. 4️⃣ b) 6.02 × 10^23 atoms 🌟 Fantastic! You've gained a basic understanding of Avogadro's number and its importance in chemistry. Embrace the vastness of the microscopic world and continue exploring the incredible realm of atoms and molecules! 🧪🔬✨