🧪Lesson 1:🧪
Laboratory Safety and Apparatus 🔬
Welcome to our first lesson on Chapter 1! Before we delve into exciting experiments and discoveries, it's crucial to learn about safety procedures and handling of laboratory apparatus. Let's begin!
🛡️ Safety First! 🛡️
In the laboratory, your safety and the safety of those around you is paramount. Here are some rules you should always follow:
1️⃣ Keep your workspace clean: Keep working areas clear of bags, books, etc.
2️⃣ Listen and Learn: Always pay attention to instructions and work with care.
3️⃣ Report Accidents: No matter how small, report any accident at once.
4️⃣ Eye Protection: Always wear safety glasses.
5️⃣ Handle with Care: Point test tubes away from yourself and others (especially when heating).
6️⃣ Safe Conduct: Do not run, push, or act irresponsibly in the laboratory.
7️⃣ Taste & Smell: Never taste or smell any substance without permission.
8️⃣ Unauthorized Experiments: Don't attempt your own experiments without permission.
🧪 Lab Apparatus and Their Uses 🧪
1️⃣ Pipette: Used to measure specific volumes of liquid precisely.
2️⃣ Burette: Measures variable volumes of liquids accurately.
3️⃣ Measuring Cylinder: Provides approximate volumes of liquids.
4️⃣ Beaker: For measuring and containing approximate volumes of liquids.
5️⃣ Conical Flask: Mainly used as a container.
6️⃣ Evaporating Dish: Used in crystallization.
7️⃣ Volumetric Flask: To prepare solutions with a specific volume.
8️⃣ Test Tube: Ideal for small-scale experiments.
9️⃣ Boiling Tube: Used to boil small quantities of solutions.
🔟 Separating Funnel: Helps in separating two immiscible liquids.
1️⃣1️⃣ Funnel: Used in filtration.
1️⃣2️⃣ Crucible Tongs and Test Tube Holders: To hold hot apparatus.
1️⃣3️⃣ Thermometer: Measures the temperature.
1️⃣4️⃣ Wire Gauze: Ensures uniform heat distribution when using a Bunsen burner.
Q1: Arrange the following pieces of apparatus in the order of greatest accuracy first: Pipette, Burette, Measuring Cylinder, Beaker.
✍️ Drawing Chemical Apparatus ✍️
Remember, when we draw chemical apparatus, we show only cross sections. Diagrams should be neat and tidy, and all apparatus should be labeled clearly. Use a ruler for straight lines and coins for drawing circles. Practice drawing and labeling each piece of apparatus mentioned above.
Q2: Draw and label a Pipette, Burette, and a Beaker.
✍️ 🔥Steps to Follow for Lighting a Burner 🔥✍️
Before lighting a Bunsen burner:
1️⃣ Place the Bunsen burner on a porcelain tile.
2️⃣ Ensure it's attached to a gas tap.
3️⃣ Close the air holes of the burner.
4️⃣ Hold a lighted match to the muzzle of the burner, then slowly open the gas tap.
5️⃣ Adjust the air holes until the flame is blue at the bottom and slightly yellow at the top.
6️⃣ For a very hot flame, fully open the air hole and the gas tap. But remember, never leave the burner with a blue flame when not in use.
Q3: Why should you never leave the Bunsen burner with a blue flame when not in use?
🌡️ Heating a Test-Tube and Beaker 🌡️
Here are some tips for safely heating a test tube or a beaker:
1️⃣ Never fill the test tube more than halfway.
2️⃣ Always use test-tube holders, not tongs or your hand.
3️⃣ Incline the test tube at an angle when heating.
4️⃣ Keep the test tube moving to avoid overheating one spot.
5️⃣ Remove the tube from the flame or reduce the flame when the liquid starts boiling vigorously.
Q4: Which of the following should you do while heating a test-tube: use test-tube holders, keep the tube still, or hold the test tube upright in the flame?
Stay tuned for more exciting lessons! Until then, happy learning and stay safe! 🥼🔬👩🔬👨🔬🎓